Plants that are constantly exposed to environmental pollutants absorb, accumulate and integrate these pollutants into their systems. Particulate matter (PM) emissions, stomatal characteristics such as Stomatal density (SD), stomatal pore surface (SPS) and Stomatal resistance (RS) were investigated in Ficus benjamina exposed along main roads (MR) as well as in parks (P) as control in Abidjan. This study found a higher level of particulate matter (1,354.10-4 A), Stomatal density (4,26 108 number of stomata.mm-2) and stomatal resistance (45,050 s.m-1) in polluted area (Roads). The highest stomatal pore surface (269,479 µm2) is observed in parks (P). This study showed that particulate matter, stomatal density and stomatal resistance are more effective in stress conditions in Ficus benjamina and in tropical countries to estimate the atmospheric pollution, it’s possible by using particulate matter, stomatal density and stomatal resistance plants.